Propiedades psicométricas de la versión argentina de la Escala Revisada de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil (RCADS) / Psychometric properties of the Argentinian version of the Revised Children Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS)

Resumen El principal objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de la Escala Revisada de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil (RCADS). Específicamente, se analizó la validez de contenido, la validez de constructo y la validez de criterio, además de reportar los índices de confiabilidad. La muestra estuvo conformada por 284 escolares, cuyas edades oscilaban entre 8 y 12 años, residentes de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos: Escala Revisada de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil, el Cuestionario de Depresión Infantil (CDI), y el Cuestionario de Emociones Positivas (CIEP). Para evaluar la validez de contenido se convocaron a 10 jueces expertos, y se encontró un grado de acuerdo aceptable con respecto a la congruencia de los ítems a los factores evaluados. La validez de constructo fue evaluada comparando modelos alternativos de la RCADS, encontrando índices de ajuste adecuados para un modelo de cinco factores y 25 ítems, así como índices aceptables de confiablidad. Por último, se encontraron correlaciones significativas positivas entre las dimensiones del RCADS con el CDI y correlaciones significativas negativas con los factores del CIEP. Se discuten los resultados en función de los antecedentes, y se señalan limitaciones de la presente investigación.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Specifically, content validity, construct validity and criterion validity were assessed, in addition to reporting the reliability index. The sample was composed of 284 schoolchildren whose ages ranged from 8 to 12 years. All of them were from the state of Mendoza, Argentina. The following instruments were used: Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Child Depression Questionnaire (CDI), and the Positive Emotions Questionnaire (CIEP). To evaluate content validity, 10 expert judges were summoned, and an acceptable degree of agreement was found regarding the congruence of the items to the evaluated factors. The construct validity was evaluated by comparing alternative models of the RCADS, finding adequate fit indices for a model of five factors and 25 items, as well as an acceptable index of reliability. Finally, significant positive correlations were found between the dimensions of the RCADS with the CDI and significant negative correlations with the factors of the CIEP. The results are discussed based on the previous research, and the weakness of this research are pointed out.

Inventario IPIP-NEO: Estabilidad y Validez de Estructura Interna, Convergente y Concurrente en Muestras Argentinas / IPIP-NEO Inventory: Stability and Internal Structure, Convergent and Concurrent Validity in Argentinean Samples

Resumen Las principales herramientas de evaluación de la personalidad se construyeron a partir de las bases teóricas del modelo de los Cinco Factores. Particularmente, en Argentina, el IPIP-NEO es uno de los instrumentos, basados en este modelo, que presenta resultados satisfactorios en los estudios de consistencia interna (confiabilidad) y de validez mediante evidencia de estructura interna (análisis factorial exploratorio). El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar nuevos estudios psicométricos a la escala utilizando una muestra heterogénea de argentinos (N = 499). Se estimó la estabilidad temporal de las puntuaciones a través del método test-retest y se realizó un estudio de validez de estructura interna mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. Por otro lado, se aportó validez externa a través de estudios de convergencia, estudios de contraste de grupos divididos por sexo y edad, y un análisis test criterio mediante regresión múltiple con actividades recreativas. Los resultados sugieren que las puntuaciones que del IPIP-NEO son estables, con adecuados índices de confiabilidad y evidencias de validez externa, lo que indica que puede ser utilizado en muestras argentinas. Se planifica la elaboración de un baremo local y nuevos estudios de validez externa con implicancias clínicas y laborales.

Abstract The main personality assessment tools were built on the theoretical basis of the Five Factors model. Particularly, in Argentina, IPIP-NEO is one of the instruments, based on this model, that presents satisfactory results in the studies of internal consistency (reliability) and validity through evidence of internal structure (exploratory factor analysis). The aim of this work was to contribute new psychometric studies to the scale using a heterogeneous sample of Argentinean (N = 499). The temporal stability of the scores was estimated through the test-retest method and an internal structure validity study was performed by confirmatory factor analysis. On the other hand, external validity was provided through convergence studies, contrast studies of groups divided by sex and age, and a test criterion analysis through multiple regression with recreational activities. The results suggest that the IPIP-NEO scores are stable, with adequate reliability indices and evidence of external validity, indicating that it can be used in Argentine samples. The development of a local scale and new studies of external validity with clinical and labor implications are planned.

Adaptación y validación del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach en profesionales argentinos de la salud mental / Adaptation and validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in Argentinian mental health professionals

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio instrumental fue adaptar la versión española del Inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI-HSS) en una muestra (n = 544) de psicólogos y psiquiatras argentinos de entre 23 y 71 años de edad. Métodos: para evaluar la estructura interna del instrumento se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) por medio del método de estimación de Máxima Verosimilitud robusto. La consistencia interna se calculó mediante el coeficiente de confiabilidad compuesta (fc). Resultados: el modelo inicial mostró índices de ajuste aceptables (CFI = .87, TLI = .86; RMSEA = .06; SRMR = .07). Tras la eliminación del ítem 12 del análisis, el ajuste del modelo mejoró satisfactoriamente (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .06) confirmándose la estructura trifactorial. El cálculo de consistencia interna arrojó valores considerados muy buenos (fc > .70). Conclusión: se concluye que el MBI-HSS es una escala fiable y válida para la evaluación del Burnout en psicólogos y psiquiatras argentinos. Se discuten los resultados y sus posibles implicaciones en futuras investigaciones.

Objective: The aim of this instrumental study was to adapt the Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) in a sample (n = 544) of Argentinian psychologists and psychiatrists aged 23 to 71. Method: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to evaluate the internal structure of the instrument using the robust maximum likelihood estimation. Additionally, the internal consistency was calculated using the composite reliability (CR) coefficient. Results: The original structure provided an acceptable ût to the data (CFI = .87, TLI = .86, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .07). However, the three-factor model had a closer fit to the data after excluding item 12 from the analysis (CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .06). The internal consistency yielded very good values (CR > .70). Conclusion: It is concluded that the MBI-HSS is a reliable and valid scale to measure burnout in Argentinian psychologists and psychiatrists. The results and their possible implications for future investigations are discussed in this paper.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Desviación de la Norma en jóvenes / Psychometric properties of the Normative Deviance Scale in youths

Antecedente: La conducta antisocial refiere al conjunto de actos que violan las normas establecidas para la convivencia de una sociedad. Entre las medidas de autoinforme para valorar esta conducta se encuentra la Escala de Desviación de la Norma (EDN). Objetivo: Considerando que en el contexto argentino no se encontraron estudios sobre las propiedades psicométricas de la escala, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de jóvenes argentinos. Método: Para este fin, se conformó una muestra de 794 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 25 años. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se analizó el índice de confiabilidad compuesta y se estudió la validez convergente, discriminante y concurrente (utilizando una escala de autocontrol). Además, se analizó la invarianza del modelo de medida. Resultados: Entre los principales resultados se confirmó la estructura factorial original de la escala sin equivalencia factorial entre los grupos evaluados considerando el sexo, y se encontraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la mayoría de las dimensiones que componen el instrumento. Discusión: Se discuten los hallazgos, limitaciones y futuras líneas de investigación.

Background: Antisocial behavior refers to a set of acts that violate the rules established for the coexistence of society. One of the self-report measures to assess this type of behavior is the normative deviance scale (NDS). Objective: Considering that in the Argentine context no studies on the psychometric properties of the scale were found, the present study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of Argentine youths. Method: To this end, a sample of 794 participants aged between 18 and 25 years was collected. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed; the composite reliability was calculated; and the convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity was assessed (using a self-control scale). In addition, the invariance of the factorial structure of the scale was analyzed. Results: The results confirmed the original factorial structure of the scale with no factorial equivalence across the assessed groups regarding the sex. Also, the results showed adequate psychometric properties for most dimensions which make up the instrument. Conclusions: Findings, limitations and further lines of research are discussed.

Validación del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve para universitarios argentinos / Validação do Inventário de Fobia e Ansiedade Social- Forma Breve para universitários argentinos / Validation of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory- Brief Form for Argentinean college

Las problemáticas que afectan la capacidad de las personas para desempeñarse adecuadamente en las interacciones sociales, tales como el trastorno de ansiedad social (Social Anxiety Disorder, SAD), constituyen un ámbito de estudio que ha cobrado gran interés, debido a la importancia que las relaciones sociales tienen en todas las áreas de desempeño de los seres humanos. Sin embargo, se observa una escasez generalizada de estudios sobre ansiedad social en países latinoamericanos, en parte, debido a la ausencia de instrumentos construidos o adaptados a la población general o a conjuntos específicos. En función de ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para su utilización en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Los resultados evidenciaron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad y se aportó evidencia de validez de grupos contrastados y convergente. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y nuevas líneas de investigación. (AU)

As problemáticas que afetam a capacidade das pessoas para terem um desempenho adequado nas interações sociais, como o transtorno de ansiedade social (Social Anxiet Disorder, SAD), constituem um âmbito de estudo que ganhou grande interesse devido à importância que as relações sociais têm em todas as áreas de desempenho dos seres humanos. No entanto, há um déficit generalizado de estudos sobre ansiedade social em países latino-americanos, devido a uma ausência de instrumentos construídos ou adaptados à população geral ou grupos específicos. Com base nisso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventario de Fobia e Ansiedade Social - Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para sua utilização com estudantes universitários argentinos. Os resultados mostraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas de validade e fidedignidade e gerou evidência de validade de grupos contrastados e validade convergente. As limitações do estudo e novas linhas de pesquisa são discutidas. (AU)

The problems that affect people's ability to perform adequately in social interactions, such as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), constitute an area of study that has gained great interest, due to the importance that social relations have in all areas of performance of human beings. However, there is a general scarcity of studies on social anxiety in Latin American countries, partly because of the absence of instruments built or adapted to the general population or specific groups. Due to this, the objective of the present investigation was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Short form (SPAI - B) to be used in Argentine college students. The results showed appropriate validity and reliability psychometric properties and it also has been provided evidence of contrasting groups and convergent validity. The limitations of the study and new lines of research are discussed. (AU)

Desarrollo y validación del Test de Ansiedad Social para estudiantes universitarios (TAS-U) / Development and validation of the Social Anxiety Test in university students (SAT-U)

El estudio de la ansiedad social en estudiantes universitarios ha cobrado una especial relevancia considerando sus implicancias en el ajuste social y el bienestar psicológico de quienes la presentan. A pesar de ello, no existen instrumentos de evaluación que estén dirigidos específicamente a esta población, quienes cotidianamente se enfrentan a situaciones particulares que pueden ser potencialmente generadoras de ansiedad. Se presenta el Test de Ansiedad Social para estudiantes universitarios (TAS-U) aportando evidencias de validez y confiabilidad. Se diseñaron 68 ítems preliminares teniendo en cuenta literatura, escalas de antecedentes y consultas con expertos. Utilizando muestreo no probabilístico, se realizaron análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Se obtuvo una escala final compuesta por 27 ítems distribuidos en cuatro factores (CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .063 y WRMR = 1.19). Sobre la consistencia interna de la escala, los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach y de fiabilidad compuesta fueron buenos y excelentes para cada factor. Las dimensiones son coincidentes con factores evidenciados en estudios de otras escalas similares y con postulados teóricos conceptuales sobre ansiedad social.

The study of social anxiety in college students has gained particular importance if we consider its role in their social adjustment and psychological well-being. Despite this, there are no assessment tools that are specifically aimed at this population, which face events that can potentially generate anxiety on a daily basis. The Social Anxiety Test for University students (SAT-U) is presented herein with evidence of validity and reliability. Sixty-eight (68) preliminary items were designed taking into account the current literature, previous scales and consultation with experts. By using a non-probabilistic sampling, exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were performed in a sample of Argentinian college students. A final scale was obtained with 27 items distributed in four factors (CFI = .95, TLI = .95, RMSEA = .063 and WRMR = 1.19). Regarding the internal consistency of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the coefficient of composite reliability were good and excellent for each factor. The dimensions coincide with factors seen in studies with other similar scales, and with conceptual and theoretical postulates about social anxiety.

Emotional-evolutional model of social anxiety in university students

Studies of social anxiety in university students have become of particular importance given its disabling impact over social adjustment and psychological well-being. The present research had the objective of developing an explanatory model of this phenomenon with principles based on attachment theory and the theories of emotional regulation. We worked with a sample of 438 university students and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. We produced an explanatory model which presented appropriate adjustment indexes (CFI= .95; GFI= .95; RMSEA= .05). In this model, the predictive role of expectations of social rejection and the difficulties in emotion regulation in the aetiology of social anxiety are clear. These factors are in turn influenced by the fear of abandonment linked to internal working models of insecure attachment of development in early childhood. Significant differences were found in favour of women in percentages of variance explained in social anxiety and expectations of social rejection

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Cuestionario de estilo personal del terapeuta: Análisis factorial confirmatorio de modelos rivales con psicoterapeutas Argentinos / Personal style of the therapist questionnaire: confirmatory factor analysis with Argentinian psychotherapist

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de cinco versiones distintas del Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (ETP-C), el cual indaga cinco funciones de la actividad terapéutica: Atencional (búsqueda de información), Operativa (intervenciones terapéuticas), Instruccional (establecimiento del encuadre terapéutico), Expresiva (grado de expresividad emocional) y de Involucración (compromiso). Para este estudio participaron 471 terapeutas de Argentina, quienes completaron la versión original del ETP-C, compuesta por 36 ítems. Luego se compararon los indicadores de ajuste de los cinco modelos disponibles del cuestionario. Se obtuvo que la versión portuguesa del EPT-C compuesto por 20 ítems, es el que mejores indicadores de ajuste presenta a pesar de que la confiabilidad del mismo no fue satisfactoria. Se discuten implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para la investigación en psicoterapia.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of five different versions of the Personal Style Therapist Questionnaire (PST-Q), which evaluate five functions of therapeutic activity: Attentional (seeking information), Operational (therapeutic interventions), Instructional (establishment of the therapeutic setting), Expressive (degree of emotional expressiveness) and Involvement (commitment).471 therapist participate in this study, who completed the original version of the PST-Q, consisting of 36 items. Adjustment indicators of the five models PST-Q available were then compared. As a result, the version of the PST-Q with best adjustment indicator was the Portuguese one made of 20 items, although the reliability was not satisfactory. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed for psychotherapy research.

Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U) Development and Validation.

In this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students.

Social skills questionnaire for Argentinean college students (SSQ-U) development and validation

In this paper we present a new instrument called Social Skills Questionnaire for Argentinean College Students (SSQ-U). Based on the adapted version of the Social Skills Inventory - Del Prette (SSI-Del Prette) (Olaz, Medrano, Greco, & Del Prette, 2009), we wrote new items for the scale, and carried out psychometric analysis to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument. In the first study, we collected evidence based on test content through expert judges who evaluated the quality and the relevance of the items. In the second and third studies, we provided validity evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument using exploratory (n = 1067) and confirmatory (n = 661) factor analysis. Results suggested a five-factor structure consistent with the dimensions of social skills, as proposed by Kelly (2002). The fit indexes corresponding to the obtained model were adequate, and composite reliability coefficients of each factor were excellent (above .75). Finally, in the fourth study, we provided evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the SSQ-U is the first valid and reliable instrument for measuring social skills in Argentinean college students (AU)

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Estado de la investigación en Habilidades Sociales en el Laboratorio de Comportamiento Interpersonal (LACI) Cordoba - Argentina / Estado da investigação em Habilidades Sociais no Laboratório de Comportamento Interpessoal (LACI), Córdoba - Argentina / Current directions in social skills research on LACI, Cordoba - Argentina

Partiendo de la tendencia de crecimiento en la producción de literatura en el área de Habilidades Sociales, se plantea como objetivo realizar una revisión sobre la temática, a los fines de describir los trabajos realizados por el Grupo de investigación LACI (Laboratorio de Comportamiento Interpersonal) situado en Córdoba, Argentina. Dicho laboratorio constituye un núcleo del Grupo de Relações Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) de la Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil, dirigido por los Doctores Zilda Del Prette y Almir Del Prette. Se concluye que la producción científica sobre Habilidades Sociales se realiza específicamente en torno a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud, así como también se concentra en el desarrollo de instrumentos fiables y válidos para la evaluación de las Habilidades Sociales. Se discuten los resultados identificando tendencias futuras de investigación.(AU)

Partindo da tendência mundial de crescimento na produção de literatura na área das habilidades sociais, o presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica da temática com o objetivo de descrever os trabalhos produzidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa LACI (Laboratório de Comportamento Interpessoal), localizado em Córdoba, Argentina. O laboratório mencionado é um núcleo do Grupo de Relações Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil, dirigido pelos Doutores Zilda Del Prette e Almir Del Prette. Conclui-se que a produção científica sobre as habilidades sociais é feita especificamente em torno de estudantes e profissionais da saúde, e também se concentra no desenvolvimento de instrumentos confiáveis e validos para avaliar as habilidades sociais. Discutem-se os resultados e identificam-se tendências de pesquisa para novos estudos.(AU)

Following the global trend of growth in the social skills literature production, the main purpose of this research was to make a review of the literature to describe the research production of the LACI (Laboratory of Interpersonal Behavior), located in Cordoba, Argentina. This laboratory is a part of the Grupo de Relacoes Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) of the Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil, coordinated by Zilda Del Prette and Almir Del Prette. We concluded that the scientific production about social skills is specifically related to students and health professionals, and also focused on the development of reliable and valid instruments for the evaluation of Social Skills. We discuss the results of research identifying future lines of inquiry.(AU)

Estado de la investigación en Habilidades Sociales en el Laboratorio de Comportamiento Interpersonal (LACI) Cordoba - Argentina / Estado da investigação em Habilidades Sociais no Laboratório de Comportamento Interpessoal (LACI), Córdoba - Argentina / Current directions in social skills research on LACI, Cordoba - Argentina

Partiendo de la tendencia de crecimiento en la producción de literatura en el área de Habilidades Sociales, se plantea como objetivo realizar una revisión sobre la temática, a los fines de describir los trabajos realizados por el Grupo de investigación LACI (Laboratorio de Comportamiento Interpersonal) situado en Córdoba, Argentina. Dicho laboratorio constituye un núcleo del Grupo de Relações Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) de la Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil, dirigido por los Doctores Zilda Del Prette y Almir Del Prette. Se concluye que la producción científica sobre Habilidades Sociales se realiza específicamente en torno a estudiantes y profesionales de la salud, así como también se concentra en el desarrollo de instrumentos fiables y válidos para la evaluación de las Habilidades Sociales. Se discuten los resultados identificando tendencias futuras de investigación. (AU)

Partindo da tendência mundial de crescimento na produção de literatura na área das habilidades sociais, o presente artigo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica da temática com o objetivo de descrever os trabalhos produzidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa LACI (Laboratório de Comportamento Interpessoal), localizado em Córdoba, Argentina. O laboratório mencionado é um núcleo do Grupo de Relações Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brasil, dirigido pelos Doutores Zilda Del Prette e Almir Del Prette. Conclui-se que a produção científica sobre as habilidades sociais é feita especificamente em torno de estudantes e profissionais da saúde, e também se concentra no desenvolvimento de instrumentos confiáveis e validos para avaliar as habilidades sociais. Discutem-se os resultados e identificam-se tendências de pesquisa para novos estudos. (AU)

Following the global trend of growth in the social skills literature production, the main purpose of this research was to make a review of the literature to describe the research production of the LACI (Laboratory of Interpersonal Behavior), located in Cordoba, Argentina. This laboratory is a part of the Grupo de Relacoes Interpessoais e Habilidades Sociais (RIHS) of the Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil, coordinated by Zilda Del Prette and Almir Del Prette. We concluded that the scientific production about social skills is specifically related to students and health professionals, and also focused on the development of reliable and valid instruments for the evaluation of Social Skills. We discuss the results of research identifying future lines of inquiry. (AU)

El sesgo de subconfianza como fenómeno de dominio específico / Underconfidence bias as a specific-domain

Se define la calibración o confianza como la coincidencia o discrepancia entre el éxito subjetivo y el éxito objetivo que presenta una persona en la realización de una colección de tareas. Las discrepancias entre uno y otro generan distorsiones conocidas como sesgos de la calibración. Cuando el éxito subjetivo predomina sobre el éxito objetivo se observa el sesgo de sobreconfianza. En el caso contrario, se observa el sesgo de subconfianza. Se presenta un estudio experimental que intenta decidir si el dominio es relevante para la disolución del sesgo de subconfianza. Los resultados indican que el domino es efectivamente relevante para reducir y eliminar esta distorsión del pensamiento humano. La exposición de los participantes a un modelo metacognitivo de calibración de domino específico logró disolver el sesgo. Cuando se empleó un modelo de dominio no específico, en cambio, el sesgo no se disolvió sino que se invirtió produciendo el sesgo de sobreconfianza. Se concluye que el sesgo de subconfianza es un fenómeno metacognitivo de dominio específico.

Calibration or confidence can be defined as the empirical convergence or divergence between the subjective success and the objective success achieved by a person in a series of tasks. Discrepancies between the two generate distortions known as calibration biases. The overconfidence bias is observed when the subjective success is greater than the objective success. The underconfidence bias is defined when the inverse case is observed. This article reports an experiment that studies the relevance of the domain for de biasing the underconfidence bias. The aim of the study is to decide if calibration phenomena have specific-domain or general-domain architecture. Results show that domain specificity is relevant for the dissolution of these human thought distortions. The exposure of participants to specific domain calibration training achieved the debiasing purpose. When non-specific domain training was applied, the overconfidence bias was obtained. It is concluded that the underconfidence bias is a specific domain phenomenon.